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Anuradha Dehiya ¹, Gaurav Agnihotri ², Ravikant Sharma ³, Ankush Sharma ⁴

Affiliations
1 Government Medical College, Amritsar - 143001, Punjab, IN
2 Government Medical College, Amritsar - 143001, Punjab, IN
3 Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN
4 Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Introduction: The clavicle is subcutaneous throughout its length and makes a prominent aesthetic contribution to the contour of the neck and upper chest. The use of clavicular curvature analysis offers a new dimension in assessment of the functional morphology of the clavicle and its relationship to the shoulder complex. Objectives: The present study was done to determine gender and side specific variations in the medial angle, lateral angle, anterior lateral length and height, index of curvature and sinuosity of the clavicle. Material and Method: 300 pairs (600 clavicles) of known sex adult clavicles were obtained from cadaveric dissection and bony collections of anatomy department. The medial and lateral angle, anterior lateral curve height and length were measured. Also, index of curvature and sinuosity were calculated. The data obtained was statistically analysed. Results: There exists a statistically significant gender specific variation for index of curvature, anterior lateral curve length and height and index of sinuosity whereas medial and lateral angle values were found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusions: The study establishes morphometric criterion for clavicular curvatures in North Indians and compares observations with other populations giving a special emphasis on influence of sex factor. The curvatures should be taken in to account while performing clinical procedure like intramedullary fixation and plate fixation of fractures.

Keywords

Clavicle, Curvature, Morphometricde.

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Anuradha Dehiya ¹, Gaurav Agnihotri ¹, Ravi Kant Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Bones can reflect the basic framework of human body and provide valuable information about the biological identity of the deceased. They often, survive the morphological alteration, decay/ mutation and decomposition insults. An in depth, knowledge and analysis of variation in clavicular length, midclavicular circumference and weight is imperative for both clinical and forensic anthropological perspectives. Objectives: The present study was done to determine morphometric variability of adult human clavicles by using length, weight and midclavicular circumference parameters. Materials and Methods: 300 pairs of adult human clavicles of known sex obtained from cadaveric dissection and bony collections of anatomy department were utilized for the study. The length, weight and midclavicular circumference were measured. The data obtained was statistically analysed. Results: Gender specific statistical analysis for length, weight and midclavicular circumference was found to be highly significant. The side specific significance was found only in male and in female clavicles for weight and midclavicular circumference respectively. No side specific significance found for length of clavicle. Conclusions: The present study provides morphometric data for North Indians and compares observations with other populations. The study establishes that length, weight and midclavicular circumference of clavicle have a dimorphic potential. This fact can play a decisive role in forensic identifications and clinical interventions. The results are of immense significance for anatomists, orthopedic surgeons and the forensic anthropologists in their professional endeavors.

Keywords

Clavicle, Gender Determination, Morphometry.

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Anuradha Dehiya ¹, Sarabjeet Singh Rai ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College and Hospital, Amritsar - 143001, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Neurology, IVY Hospital, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It affects 1% of population over age of 50 years. Non-Motor symptoms are common in patients of Parkinson’s disease. These remain undiagnosed most of the time. Aim and Objectives: To analyse gender specific, age related and demographic variability of non-motor symptoms (Cardiovascular symptoms, sleep disorder, hallucination, sexual disorders, apathy, pain and miscellaneous symptoms) of Parkinson’s disease. Materials and Methods: Present study included 100 cases (66 males and 34 females) of Parkinson’s disease presenting at department of neurology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. 30 questionnaires of non-motor symptoms in Hindi and Punjabi were given to patients. Gender, age, duration of non-motor symptoms, Parkinson’s phenotype and complete demographic profile of each patient taken into account for study. Thereafter result were statistically analysed for all parameters. Conclusion: It is concluded that mean age and duration of non-motor symptoms were higher in males as compared to females. It was calculated that there was positive correlation of H&Y with age and non-motor symptoms like Cardiovascular, Sleep related disorder, apathy, pain and miscellaneous symptoms. As H&Y increases there is increase in frequency and severity of symptoms. There was difference in dominant non-motor symptoms among different genders. Sexual dysfunction and sleep disorders were more prominent in males whereas cardiovascular and miscellaneous like excessive sweating were more in females.

Keywords

Parkinson’s, Non-Motor, Gender Variability.

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Anuradha Dehiya ¹, RaviKant Sharma ², Meenakshi Khullar ³, Vanita Gupta ⁴, Rimpi Gupta ⁵

Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN
2 Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN
3 Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot – Punjab, IN
4 4 Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Jammu University, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Sidhra, Jammu & Kashmir – 180017, IN
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, Haryana – 132001, IN

Abstract

For decades, scholars have debated which mode of education is superior amongst online versus traditional teaching. Some argue in favour of traditional or face to face teaching and others consider online teaching better. Still others suggested hybrid or blended mode of teaching as the most effective and productive method. This shift in strategy for medical education delivery has been driven by external forces beyond the influence of the institutions as well as by their internal dynamic. However, students’ perception towards online teaching as compared to traditional teaching has largely been overlooked. Aims and Objectives: This study or survey in covid pandemic intends to fill this void in the literature, and explore medical students’ perception and obtain their feedback towards online learning or teaching versus traditional teaching (face to face) mode of education in the medical field. Material and Method: Present survey included 1100 medical students from different medical colleges situated under different universities in North India. Survey was developed, which included a total of 14 questions (5 were demographical). After obtaining their responses, statistical analysis of responses was done. Conclusion: The results of present study concluded that medical students preferred traditional teaching over online mode of teaching.

Keywords

COVID 19 Pandemic Teaching, Medical Teaching, Online Teaching, Traditional Teaching

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Anuradha Dehiya ¹, Ravi Kant Sharma ², Sehajdeep Kaur ³

Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN
2 Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Department of Anatomy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Mobile Colon is a subtle developmental anomaly, which is due to the failure of the process of peritoneal zygosis. The incidence of this anomaly is estimated to be 10-15% of the population. Evidence Acquisition: During routine cadaveric dissection of the abdomen in the Department of Anatomy, collective anomalies of the caecum, ascending colon and descending colon were found. In these collective anomalies cecum, ascending and descending colon instead of normally being retroperitoneal were suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by a fold of peritoneum called the mesentery. Mobile colon is an uncommon anomaly, which is being reported here. Clinical Implications: Mobile colon is usually asymptomatic but whenever it becomes symptomatic, it leads to mobile colon syndrome. Clinical symptoms associated with mobile colon syndrome mimic other common gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy, appendicitis and volvulus. Complications of this syndrome include intestinal obstruction, torsion of the intestine and gangrenous bowel which needs immediate treatment. Conclusion: Mobile colon syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain of obscure cause. Laparoscopic colopexy and cecopexy are recommended as therapeutic and diagnostic treatments.

Keywords

Large Intestine, Mobile Colon, Zygosis.

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